Top advances of the year: Hepatobiliary cancers

This commentary reviews top advances in hepatobiliary cancer research in 2021–2022, focusing on leveraging immunotherapeutics in combination with other therapies earlier in the disease course and targeted to patient's individualized biomarkers that may predict response or resistance to checkpoint inhibitors.     

Machine learning to predict myocardial injury and death after non-cardiac surgery

Myocardial injury due to ischaemia within 30 days of non-cardiac surgery is prognostically relevant. We aimed to determine the discrimination, calibration, accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of single-layer and multiple-layer neural networks for myocardial injury and death within 30 postoperative days. We analysed data from 24,589 participants in the Vascular Events in Non-cardiac Surgery Patients Cohort Evaluation study. Validation was performed on a randomly selected subset of the study population. Discrimination for myocardial injury by single-layer vs. multiple-layer models generated areas (95%CI) under the receiver operating characteristic curve of: 0.70 (0.69–0.72) vs. 0.71 (0.70–0.73) with variables available before surgical referral, p < 0.001; 0.73 (0.72–0.75) vs. 0.75 (0.74–0.76) with additional variables available on admission, but before surgery, p < 0.001; and 0.76 (0.75–0.77) vs. 0.77 (0.76–0.78) with the addition of subsequent variables, p < 0.001. Discrimination for death by single-layer vs. multiple-layer models generated areas (95%CI) under the receiver operating characteristic curve of: 0.71 (0.66–0.76) vs. 0.74 (0.71–0.77) with variables available before surgical referral, p = 0.04; 0.78 (0.73–0.82) vs. 0.83 (0.79–0.86) with additional variables available on admission but before surgery, p = 0.01; and 0.87 (0.83–0.89) vs. 0.87 (0.85–0.90) with the addition of subsequent variables, p = 0.52. The accuracy of the multiple-layer model for myocardial injury and death with all variables was 70% and 89%, respectively.     

呼吸机自动测量气道阻断压与标准测量方法的一致性

目的 验证呼吸机自动测量的气道阻断压(airway occlusion pressure,P0.1)与标准测量方法的一致性,以及不同触发形式对自动测量结果的影响。方法 选择采用非阻断自动测量P0.1的呼吸机,分别进行模拟肺和临床试验。调节全自动自主呼吸模拟肺,模拟具有不同呼吸努力和呼吸力学特征的48种状态,应用待检测呼吸机,以压力支持通气模式为模拟肺进行通气。临床研究部分纳入15例接受压力支持通气的成年患者。两部分研究均随机交叉应用压力和流量触发,采集呼吸机自动监测的P0.1后,采用标准呼气末气道阻断法进行P0.1测量,作为标准参考值。采用Bland-Altman检验分析P0.1呼吸机监测值与标准参考值的一致性,计算残差(呼吸机监测值-标准参考值)和95%一致性区间,比较不同触发形式对残差的影响。结果 在模拟肺验证中,P0.1呼吸机监测值与标准参考值之间的残差(95%一致性区间)在压力和流量触发下分别为0.04(－0.63~0.70)和－0.54(－1.44~0.36)cmH₂O(1 cmH₂O=0.098 kPa),两者相比差异具有统计学意义(P<0.001)。临床观察获得了相似的结果,压力和流量触发时的残差(95%一致性区间)分别为－0.11(－0.73~0.52)和－0.54(－1.50~0.59)cmH₂O,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),表明呼吸机监测值与标准参考值间存在一致性。结论 压力触发时,呼吸机非阻断法自动测量的P0.1与标准方法具有良好的一致性。而流量触发明显低估P0.1,建议自动监测时切换到压力触发。     

Verbesserte Qualität gelagerter Erythrozytenkonzentrate durch maschinelle Autotransfusion

Die Anaesthesiologie - Die Transfusion von Erythrozytenkonzentraten (EK) ist mit verschiedenen Nebenwirkungen assoziiert, die u. a. durch Lagerungsschäden an Erythrozyten hervorgerufen...     

腹腔镜食管裂孔疝修补术联合改良DOR胃底折叠术治疗食管裂孔疝合并胃食管反流病的临床疗效

目的探讨腹腔镜食管裂孔疝修补术联合改良DOR胃底折叠术治疗食管裂孔疝（HH）合并胃食管反流病患者的临床疗效。 方法选择2016年1月至2019年1月河北北方学院附属第二医院收治的108例食管裂孔疝合并胃食管反流病患者开展回顾性研究，按照不同手术方式将患者分为2组，每组患者54例。对照组行常规开腹手术，联合组行腹腔镜食管裂孔疝修补术联合改良DOR胃底折叠术，比较2组患者术前及术后6个月反流时间、反流次数、DeMeester评分、食管下括约肌压力及Gerd Q量表评分。 结果2组术前反流时间、反流次数、DeMeester评分、食管下括约肌压力及Gerd Q量表评分比较，差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）；2组患者术后6个月反流症状与术前比较，均得到明显改善，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；2组术后反流时间、反流次数、DeMeester评分、食管下括约肌压力及Gerd Q量表评分比较，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。联合组患者的手术时间、术中出血量及术后住院时长均明显优于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。 结论腹腔镜食管裂孔疝修补术联合改良DOR胃底折叠术对HH合并胃食管反流病患者效果显著，有利于患者身体快速恢复，微创、安全且近期疗效满意。     

Defining minimum volume thresholds to increase quality of care: a new patient-oriented approach using mixed integer programming

A positive relationship between treatment volume and outcome quality has been demonstrated in the literature and is thus evident for a variety of procedures. Consequently, policy makers have tried to translate this so-called volume–outcome relationship into minimum volume regulation (MVR) to increase the quality of care—yet with limited success. Until today, the effect of strict MVR application remains unclear as outcome quality gains cannot be estimated adequately and restrictions to application such as patient travel time and utilization of remaining hospital capacity are not considered sufficiently. Accordingly, when defining MVR, its effectiveness cannot be assessed. Thus, we developed a mixed integer programming model to define minimum volume thresholds balancing utility in terms of outcome quality gain and feasibility in terms of restricted patient travel time and utilization of hospital capacity. We applied our model to the German hospital sector and to four surgical procedures. Results showed that effective MVR needs a minimum volume threshold of 125 treatments for cholecystectomy, of 45 and 25 treatments for colon and rectum resection, respectively, of 32 treatments for radical prostatectomy and of 60 treatments for total knee arthroplasty. Depending on procedure type and incidence as well as the procedure’s complication rate, outcome quality gain ranged between 287 (radical prostatectomy) and 977 (colon resection) avoidable complications (11.7% and 11.9% of all complications). Ultimately, policy makers can use our model to leverage MVR’s intended benefit: concentrating treatment delivery to improve the quality of care.

     

单孔胸腔镜下肺癌术后胸腔引流时间的影响因素分析北大核心

目的:探讨单孔胸腔镜下肺癌手术术后胸腔引流时间的影响因素。方法:本研究采用回顾性分析方法,回顾我院2018年01月至2019年12月原发性肺癌患者经单孔胸腔镜手术治疗的病例199例。按照术后胸腔引流时间分为两组,Ⅰ组(术后胸腔引流时间<5天)和Ⅱ组(术后胸腔引流时间≥5天)。对于影响术后胸腔引流时间的可能因素在两组间先采用单因素分析的方法筛选,再将筛选出来的对术后胸腔引流时间可能有意义的影响因素进行二项Logistic多因素回归分析。结果:经单因素分析及二项Logistic多因素回归分析结果显示:年龄≥60岁、手术部位、肺段切除术、胸膜粘连、手术时间≥180 min、术后早期下床活动是术后胸腔引流时间的独立影响因素(P<0.05)。结论:对于具有多个延长术后胸腔引流时间的独立影响因素的患者,应制定个体化管理方案,尽可能减少术后胸腔引流时间,减少住院天数,加快患者康复。